The fraudulent duplication of a crypto transaction to spend the same funds twice. This is the basic problem that SatoshiSatoshi The smallest unit of Bitcoin, equal to 0.00000001 BTC. solved on Bitcoin. It can occur when the recipient accepts an unconfirmed transaction. ConsensusConsensus An agreement among blockchain participants on the validity of transactions. It is a key concept, essential for ensuring that all nodes on a chain share the same information. mechanisms ensure that this problem does not occur.